Exception handling
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try { some code } catch (Exception e) { throw e; } catch (...)//... will catch any exception { throw; } |
C++ Standard Exceptions
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1)std::bad_alloc 2)std::bad_cast 3)std::bad_exception 4)std::bad_typeid 5)std::logic_error 5-1)std::domain_error: exception thrown when a mathematically invalid domain is used. 5-2)std::invalid_argument 5-3)std::length_error 5-4)std::out_of_range 6)std::runtime_error: An exception that theoretically cannot be detected by reading the code. 6-1)std::overflow_error : The only standard library components that throw std::overflow_error are std::bitset::to_ulong and std::bitset::to_ullong. 6-2)std::underflow_error 6-3)std::range_error |
List of Example
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struct Foo { virtual ~Foo() {} }; struct Bar { virtual ~Bar() {} }; void bad_allocExample() { try { while (true) { new int[100000000ul]; } } catch (const std::bad_alloc& e) { std::cout << "Allocation failed: " << e.what() << '\n'; } } void bad_castExample() { Bar b; try { Foo& f = dynamic_cast<Foo&>(b); } catch(const std::bad_cast& e) { std::cout << e.what() << '\n'; } } void bad_typeidExample() { Foo* p = nullptr; try { std::cout << typeid(*p).name() << '\n'; } catch(const std::bad_typeid& e) { std::cout << e.what() << '\n'; } } void logical_ErrorExample() { int amount, available; amount=10; available=9; if(amount>available) { throw std::logic_error("Error"); } catch ( std::exception &e ) { std::cerr << "Caught: " << e.what( ) << std::endl; std::cerr << "Type: " << typeid( e ).name( ) << std::endl; }; } void domain_errorExample() { try { const double x = std::acos(2.0); std::cout << x << '\n'; } catch (std::domain_error& e) { std::cout << e.what() << '\n'; } catch (...) { std::cout << "Something unexpected happened" << '\n'; } } void invalid_argumentExample() { try { // binary wrongly represented by char X std::bitset<32> bitset(std::string("0101001X01010110000")); } catch (std::exception &err) { std::cerr<<"Caught "<<err.what()<<std::endl; std::cerr<<"Type "<<typeid(err).name()<<std::endl; } } void length_errorExample() { try { // vector throws a length_error if resized above max_size std::vector<int> myvector; myvector.resize(myvector.max_size()+1); } catch (const std::length_error& le) { std::cerr << "Length error: " << le.what() << '\n'; } } void out_of_rangeExample() { std::vector<int> myvector(10); try { myvector.at(20)=100; // vector::at throws an out-of-range } catch (const std::out_of_range& oor) { std::cerr << "Out of Range error: " << oor.what() << '\n'; } } void overflow_errorExample() { try { std::bitset<100> bitset; bitset[99] = 1; bitset[0] = 1; // to_ulong(), converts a bitset object to the integer that would generate the sequence of bits unsigned long Test = bitset.to_ulong(); } catch(std::exception &err) { std::cerr<<"Caught "<<err.what()<<std::endl; std::cerr<<"Type "<<typeid(err).name()<<std::endl; } } void range_errorExample() { try { throw std::range_error( "The range is in error!" ); } catch (std::range_error &e) { std::cerr << "Caught: " << e.what( ) << std::endl; std::cerr << "Type: " << typeid( e ).name( ) << std::endl; } } //Defining your exceptions struct CustomException : public std::exception { const char * what () const throw () { return "CustomException happened"; } }; void customExceptionExample() { try { throw CustomException(); } catch(CustomException& e) { std::cout << "CustomException caught" << std::endl; std::cout << e.what() << std::endl; } catch(std::exception& e) { //Other errors } } |
